Discussion about a theme in the book history of love Essay

Discussion about a theme in the book history of love - Essay Example ity of one’s life is defined and experienced through connection and validation and it is the need for these things that drive this novel’s characters in a story of existence. As the story of Leo Gursky begins we see a man who is ever in search of ways to validate his existence. He plays roles within society that are created to fulfill his need to be seen by others. Sometimes that role is that of a cranky old man who must insinuate his anger thus making himself unforgettable to clerks, waiters, and strangers on the street, and other times he plays the role of a fool, spilling and bumbling in order to achieve a One can define Leo by the concepts examined and created by the Austrian psychiatrist Dr. Sigmund Freud concerning the id, the ego, and the superego. Freud â€Å"portrayed humankind as only incompletely evolved, as torn by a fundamental rift between bestial motives and civilized conduct and demeanor, between an animal nature and cultural aspirations.† (Mitchell) Freud divided the self into three aspects, the id, the ego, and the superego. While the id represents the childish, willful wants of the unconscious mind, the ego is the conscious mind that keeps those desires from experiencing greater consequences than the identity would wish. The superego represents the unconscious adult mind that inhibits one from indulging fantasies, desires and impulses that can harm the needs of the ego. â€Å"The ego disguises the appearance of the id’s impulses, thereby both preventing social censure and keeping the impulses under careful regulation.† (Mitchell, p. 25) With his ac tions, however, Gursky seems to be led by the id which is described as â€Å"based on our pleasure principle. In a healthy person, according to Freud, the ego is the strongest so that it can satisfy the needs of the id, not upset the superego, and still take into consideration the reality of every situation.† (Hefner) In Gursky, the superego is diminishing as he is dealing with the

Teamwork wins Championship Essay Example for Free

Teamwork wins Championship Essay Team work wins Championship! Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence wins championship. l I must say what an awesome saying by Michael Jordan! He beautifully portrays the success of teamwork. As nowadays, the challenge for companies is to deliver quickly and flexibly new quality products and services in order to respond to greater and changing demands from clients. Standardization and specialization characterize traditional work organization; the work is divided into different segments, and workers perform their tasks individually, specializing in their field. However, specialization, control and outine are suitable when a constant demand for standardized products applies. However, for a fast changing demand, this method does not seem to work as well, and may lead to coordination problems and rigidities. Therefore, to fulfill the fast changing demand, the companies started to look for new forms of organization of which teamwork is quite successful one. 2 Teamwork is considered to be one of the core elements of the new work organization and it involves working cooperatively and making use of individual strengths within a group to achieve a common goal. Teams are more flexible and responsive to changing events. This is because there is no one leader clearly in charge in fact the leadership role is shared and work is done collectively. This creates an environment that facilitates knowledge and information exchange. As team working makes fuller use of all the talents of the workforce. Better solutions to problems are found as those most closely connected with the work participate in suggesting answers Thus, this highly motivates staff resulting in reduce labour turnover and high labour productivity. Labour productivity is the output per worker in a given time period. When companies such as W. L. Gore, Volvo and Kraft Foods introduced teams into their production process, they made news because no one else was doing it. But today, its Just the opposite an organization that doesnt use teams would be newsworthy. Its estimated that over 70 percent of U. S. manufacturers use work teams. 3 Hence, team working is better for productivity than individual working. Management theory suggests that compared to an individual, a diverse group of people will be more creative because team members will bring a variety of ideas, perspectives and approaches to the group. Even at Google teams are a way of life. As the company web sites states, Googlers thrive in small, focused teams and high-energy environments. 4 Actually teamwork is different from the Taylorist work organization. F. W. Taylor was the person who made first serious attempt to analyze worker motivation in order to advise management on the best ways to increase worker performance or productivity. His scientific management theory is characterized by task specialization, a pyramid hierarchical structure and a centralization of responsibilities. Under the Taylorist model the work was divided into narrow functions with short, repetitive work cycles and the work method is rescribed in detail. However, this system does not offer sufficient scope for a process of upgrading and innovation, which is essential for quick change and adaptation. The slowness and relative rigidity of the traditional organizational scheme otten earns i t the name dinosaur syndrome. 5 Furthermore the repetitive tasks cause boredom amongst workers. Hence, employees lose interest in their work which ultimately leads to poor response rate and high labour turnover effecting productivity. Hence, Taylor approach of management, giving instructions to workers with no discussion or feedback is considered to be undesirable. Worker participation in devising best work practices is now encouraged. As Mayo Human Relations theory also suggest that working conditions and financial rewards have little or no effect on productivity. In fact when management consults with workers work in teams and develops a team spirit then productivity is improved. As team working makes fuller use of all the talents of the workforce. Thus, better solutions to problems are found as those most closely connected with the work participate in suggesting answers. 6 Case study of Starbucks Corporation will further help to illustrate the concept. Starbucks Corporation is the most famous chain of retail coffee shops in the world. In 1971 it started with three owners and in 1982 a sales representative, Howard Schultz, of the house ware business in New York Joined them. When he had a vocation to Italy, he experienced an entirely different coffee culture. He wanted to adopt that in Starbucks but the initial owners rejected the idea. Therefore, he chose to establish a new coffee shop, named II Gironale. In two years his business was so successful that the three owners of Starbucks decided to sell their business to Schultz. His work strategy worked so well that in 2007 he was ranked as the 16th best company. Schultz was so successful due to his business culture, beliefs and attitudes. He believed that the tip of success is not coffee but employees. Hence, motivation is the vital factor for business in the process of making their production. As labours are not working machines, so they can not always do the same affairs with equal passion. Accordingly the efficient method to make staffs keen on their Jobs should be to motivate them. As Nicholson (1998) also reported that workers had strong social eeds which they tried to satisfy through membership of informal social groups at workplace. 7 Therefore, Schultz adopted teamwork which did not only construct a small social structure in organization for employees to soci alize, but also composite of various kind of members who equip with different background of skill and knowledge on account of the mission. However, if business were rather bureaucratic in their approach with an inflexible approach to staff issues. Focused on individual working rather than teamwork then according to Mc Gregor theory Y, workers will be ighly de-motivated. As Mc Gregor theory Y managers believed that workers are creative, willing to accept responsibility and can derive as much enjoyment from work as from rest and play. Hence, in todays world where there is so much awareness among workers so if they are not given any right in decision making then this could de-motivate them and affect productivity. Thus, teamwork is the solution which gives workers not only the chance to participate in suggesting ideas in fact through increased communication they are able to complete large projects in lesser time. As many business projects require numerous tasks and exhibit a complexity level that would be almost impossible for a single employee to complete on his own. 8 Therefore pulling individuals from a variety of departments and positions allows a company to complete projects and work assignments more efficiently. Adding up to it, team working can reduce management cost as it is often associated with de-layering ot the organization. De-layering is the removal ot one or more ot the levels ot hierarchy from an organization structure. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between teamwork and employee training. This is because when workers work in teams they are able to learn from others. As some team members might be from the upper level of the management and have much more experience than others members. Thus by developing social contacts and even by observing them, members who are less experienced can learn. The Finnish Quality of Work Life Survey reports, Employees who do teamwork have generally better possibilities of receiving training and for developing their skills than people who do not work in teams. 9 Abraham Maslow also suggested the theory of the hierarchy of human needs. His findings were not only based on the work environment in fact he considered psychological and sociological factors as well. He believed that human needs starts from the level of physical needs which include food, shelter, water and rest. Then it moves to safety needs which means protection from threats, Job security, health and safety at work. Further the hierarchy of needs move to social needs which refer to feeling of belonging to a group, trust and acceptance. And then comes the esteem needs and self actualization. Esteem needs mean status and recognition of achievement. Therefore, by developing teams MasloWs social and esteem needs and likely to be fulfilled. Hence, workers are expected to be better motivated. It would stimulate people to take action to improve productivity. 10 Hence, it can be safely concluded that teamwork can contribute to a better quality of working life for employees leading to improved productivity. Working in teams allows employees to give their ideas and work collectively which result in completing large projects in lesser time and hence increase efficiency of employees. Efficiency means producing output at the highest ratio of output to input. Therefore, the organization is benefited from the speed of employees as teamwork motivates workers and they do their work with more interest. Furthermore, the degree of acceptance is high of the decisions made by teams as they are usually perceived as more legitimate than decisions made by one person. This is because team members are reluctant to fght or undermine a decision that they helped develop. 11 Henry Ford also said, Coming together is the beginning. Keeping together is the progress. Working together is the success. 12 Therefore, adopting team work at work place usually leads to success. Total Words: 1512

A Comparison Of Contemporary And Romance Literature :: essays research papers

A Comparison of Contemporary and Romance Literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contemporary literature in the form of a short story consists of a plot, characters, point of view, setting, and theme (2). These elements can vary a great deal from one story to the next. An author of a short story also reveals a tone and a mood shown by his or her style of writing. Although romance literature contains the elements mentioned above, they are very different than those in short stories and are somewhat static from one tale to the next. Romance literature is about the adventures of knights and the organization of chivalry (794). A romance does not take place in a normal setting, but in idealized worlds such as imaginary castles, gardens, or forests (794). A romance contains mysterious and supernatural events (794). Although there are many differences between contemporary and romance literature, the one difference that distinguishes them the most is the characters. A main character in contemporary literature leads a very different life than one in romance literature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neighbor Rosicky is a short story of an old farmer, Anton Rosicky, reflecting back on his life. Early in the story, when Anton Rosicky is in the doctor's office, he learns that he has a bad heart and doesn't have much time left to live. He then returns home, plunges into a chair, and begins to sew. While he sews, Rosicky lets his mind run back over his life. He has had many memorable experiences. Rosicky has lived in London, New York, and now in Nebraska. Rosicky, formerly a tailor, now makes a living farming with his children. Rudolph, Rosicky's oldest son, has some trouble supporting his wife, Polly. Rosicky makes many sacrifices to help Rudolph's marriage stay together. He loans the family car and gives some money to Rudolph, even though Rosicky is very poor himself. Spring arrives, and his children are busy working the fields. When no one else is around, Rosicky, disregarding his doctor's orders, rakes some thistle plants out of one of his alfalfa fields, but the work is too tough on his heart. Rosicky dies the next day (48-71).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contents of the Dead Man's Pockets is another short story of someone analyzing his life. Tom Benecke is a workaholic who has a month's worth of his work scribbled on a yellow sheet of paper. The wind blows the sheet of paper out of his eleven story apartment window onto the ornate corner ornament of the ledge about five yards away. Tom climbs out of the window onto the ledge. Immediately after he reaches the sheet of paper, Tom looks down and becomes

Write an essay about how Owens poetry describes the plight of the

Write an essay about how Owen's poetry describes the plight of the soldiers. In many of Wilfred Owen's poems, he describes the suffering and the agony of the common soldier during war, not only on the battlefront, but he also describes the after-effects of war and its cruelty. Owen's poetry is inclined towards and elegiac nature with the function to arouse grief and to stimulate remembrance. Owen is usually best when the emotion of grief predominates over disgust in his poems and when tribute is paid to the men who died "as cattle" rather than when criticism is directly made to the perpetrators of war. Owen refers to his poems as elegies, but they offer no consolation to the readers, serving instead to warn them of the true nature of war. To create his 'moral lesson', Owen recalls certain incidents in which he analyses the suffering of particular soldiers lacking identity: "bones without number". Owen, having been a soldier of high rank, and having had a troop under his hands often brings out the feeling of guilt and shame in his poems: the guilt of having led hi...

Coloplast a/S †Organizational Challenges in Offshoring

COLOPLAST A/S – ORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGES IN OFFSHORING Coloplast one of today’s leading suppliers for medical devices and associated services, was established in 1957 in Denmark. The company operates in 5 business areas: ostomy, urology (continence care), wound care, skin health and â€Å"Amoena†, for external breast forms. In 2004, 92. 5% of the total group profit derived from the chronic care divisions ostomy and continence care, which have very stable product lines.However, as a part of the company’s 2008 strategy consideration revenues were supposed to be ensued by a total of 20% of products established within the past 4 years, dating no further back than 2004. Coloplast is one of the companies that were born globally. In the year of its foundation already every second ostomy bad was being exported, by 2005 97% of its revenue was generated outside of Denmark. Until 2001, the company had six major production facilities within Denmark.In 1999, the manag ement level, for the first time, took a closer look at the idea of offshoring its production to a low-cost location. During the following thorough evaluation period the organization carried out extensive feasibility studies and interview Danish companies, which had already offshored to one of the locations in question. The evaluation committee undertook field trips to Poland, Ireland, Czech Republic and Hungary. Eventually, it had been decided to offshore to Hungary.Coloplast’s managers where aware of the language barrier on the Hungarian side as well as the social impact problems due to the redeployment of Danish employees, hence they took precautions to avoid work stoppages; they introduced an open and honest communication policy. The substantial one-off costs could be minimized by transfer or reassignment of employees in combination with the usage of voluntary attrition and early retirement. However, the offshoring process uncovered and amplified the weaknesses of the dece ntralized organization.The management realized in order to effectively transfer the knowledge to Hungary they had to introduce standardization into their production process. The company’s internal organization had to be changed very fundamentally. Offshoring to Hungary was a great success and the company gained considerable knowledge. Estimates forecasted an annual growth rate of 10% leading to a doubled production in 2010, which would require 50% more staff and space. Despite the fact that the Hungary project went very ell, management acknowledge that they had missed out on a few great opportunities concerning for example local sourcing, because the offshoring organization had consumed most of the managerial capacities. The main question for Rasmussen was now: â€Å"Should the internal organizational issues be tackled fist and the offshoring to China initiated later, or is the knowledge they have gained and the guideline they have derived from the last offshoring project en ough to proceed immediately without the risk of overseeing important issues again?

Importance of Accountability Essay Example

Importance of Accountability Essay Example Importance of Accountability Essay Importance of Accountability Essay Accountability is important in each organization. Accountability is the obligation of an individual or the organization for the account of the individual or the organization activities, accept the responsibility for him or her, and to disclose the results in a transparent manner. Employees and as well organizations are responsible for the actions are taken within the facility. Examples of accountability in an organization are employees completing a task that has been assigned to him or her, employees esponsibility to complete the task within his or her Job duties on his or her best performance, employee reporting to work on time on his or her assign days to work, and employees working as a team to meet goals within the facility. The organizations responsibilities for accountability as well are important. Some examples are ensuring staff members are scheduled per ratio of patient, ensure staff members are following policies, and procedures, and ensure the safety within the organization. This paper will review and discuss why the accountability is important in health care, ow to measure an employees accountability in health care, what does a checks-and- balances process look like, the affect of accountability on the organizations working culture, and address ways to maintain a positive working culture and avoid a working culture blame. Accountability is important in health care Accountability has been a main concern in the health care industry. The main reason accountability is important in the health care industry is for management and as well as legal issues. The accountability is important in many areas in a facility one area is professional capability. Professional capability is important because the responsibility professional have lays on the hands of others. This includes physicians, nurses, caregivers, executive directors, managers, finance, and human resources. These types of individuals must be professional at all times, be accurately and perform efficiently while performing his or her Job. Legal and ethical conduct is important in the facility accountability because it protects patients and as well health care professionals. Some examples consist of following laws and regulations within the state, maintain confidentiality of patients, and employee records, treat each mployee, patient with respect, maintain reliable staff, maintain a healthy environment, and reporting any violations employees may violate within the state of compliance. Financial accountability for health care professionals provides quality of care; the employee conducts himselt, and employee reliable tor Measure an employees accountability Enforcing employees accountability can be challenging at times. steps taken to ensure the measures are followed. his or ner actions. There are several hcplive. com/physicians-money-digest/practice-management/Establishing- Staff-Accountability

Top 10 Best Businesses to Start From Home

Top 10 Best Businesses to Start From Home Maybe you can’t be the guy who creates the next Facebook. But you could easily have the power and the potential to launch a small business and exercise your latent entrepreneurship- and you might not even have to leave the house to do it. The trick is to choose something that requires little or no start-up capital, and doesn’t require an office setting. Here are 10 great possibilities to get you started:1. IT ConsultingThis is a field in which long years of experience are not considered a boon. The youngest and the freshest, i.e. kids straight out of school, often have the sharpest take on the going trends and are up to speed on the newest technologies. You can start small by recommending your tech services to non-tech savvy pals and spreading your business by word of mouth. It won’t take long before you’ll feel confident advertising yourself as a consultant and starting to rake in the income.2. Social Media ConsultingBelieve it or not, there are still com panies out there that don’t have a good social media presence or strategy. And if they do, they limit their exposure to more standard platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn. Use your millennial fluency with all things social media and advertise yourself as a resource to companies in need of a better online presence.3. Graphic DesignExperience is always good, but you don’t need it to get your big break in design. All you need is talent, creativity, drive, and a really good portfolio. Also make sure your business cards and resume reflect your artistic talents and are both unique and well-designed.4. Web DesignIf you already have some website designing experience, you can easily keep working on your skills and start branching out to making websites for profit. This is one of those great careers where you can almost always wear your pajamas while you work.5. PhotographyJust like design, it’s not hard to get paid to take photographs provided you have the talent, creati vity, and drive. We live in a world that relies on images for most levels of communication, and visual content is at a premium. If you’re good behind a lens, digital or analog, get your work out there and get paid.6. Event PlanningIf you have a great eye for detail, and are extremely organized, and you like to throw parties, then you might consider going into event planning. If you’re going out alone, you should make sure you have the proper certification in your area.7. Personal trainingYou will need certification through a program like ACE, plus usually some CPR or AED training, but after acquiring all of that, personal training can be one of the most flexible fields around. If you’re a fitness buff, why not make money getting other people into shape as good as yours?8. Cleaning ServicesA cleaning business is great for quick cash with tons of flexibility. No office required, and most supplies can be purchased at the grocery store. Capitalize on people not want ing to do their own dirty work!9. Freelance Make-up ArtistStart a business for yourself that’s all about the ladies. Start with YouTube video tutorials to show off your skills and build a following. Then start advertising yourself for special occasion make-up gigs and get people primped and ready for their biggest events.10. Landscaping and/or Snow RemovalEither one is a seasonal business, but the two combined? That has the potential, with very low overhead, of making you some serious cash.No matter which route you choose, it’s always important to get the necessary certification or insurance. But a little fresh thinking and some spark can set you up as a successful entrepreneur, right from the comfort of your own home.

Parle Essays

Parle Essays Parle Essay Parle Essay the company has definitely come a very long way since its inception. Many of the Parle products biscuits or confectioneries, are market leaders in their category and have won acclaim at the Monde Selection, since 1971. With a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15% share of the total confectionary market in India , Parle has grown to become a multi-million dollar company. While to consumers its a beacon of faith and trust, competitors look upon Parle as an example of marketing brilliance. Parle-G Every nation dreams of a better tomorrow. And every nation’s tomorrow lies in the hands of its children; children who make the nation proud in every aspect; the young geniuses who shape the future of the nation. So it’s important to nourish these young minds, for after all it’s a question of the nation’s future. Filled with the goodness of milk and wheat, Parle G is a source of strength for both body and mind. Treat yourself to a packet of Parle-G to experience what has nurtured and strengthened the minds of millions of genius Indians for over 65 years. It’s more than just a biscuit. A meal substitute for some, a tasty and healthy snack for many others. Consumed by some for the value it offers, and many others for it’s taste. Little wonder that it’s the Largest selling Biscuit Brand in the world. Ingredients : Wheat Flour, Sugar, Partially Hydrogenated Edible Vegetable Oils, Invert Syrup*, Leavening Agents [ 503 ( ii ), 500 ( ii ) ], Salt, Milk Solids, Emulsifiers [ 322 or 471 481 ( i ) ] and Dough Conditioners [ 223 ]. Contains Added Flavours (Artificial). * (d Glucose, Levulose) Pack Sizes available: 16. 5G, 38. 5G, 60. 5G, 82. 5G, 99G, 209G, 313. 5G, 418G, 825G Parle G largest selling biscuit brand in world If you thought that a typical family run Indian company cannot top the worldwide charts, think again. The homegrown biscuit brand, Parle G, has proved the belief wrong by becoming the largest selling biscuit brand in the world. Ajay Chauhan, executive director of Parle Products, told Business Standard: The more than 50-year-old brand, Parle G, has been rated as the largest selling glucose biscuit brand in the whole world in terms of volumes. This came as a surprise to us when we were made to understand that we have topped the worldwide charts of the global biscuits industry. This was recently revealed by the US based Bakery Manufacturers Association. The other global biscuit brands include Oreo from Nabisco and McVities from UK-based United Biscuits among others. According to ORG-MARG reports, Parle G commands a good 65 per cent market share in the domestic biscuit market. The glucose biscuits category in India is estimated at Rs 15 billion. The Parle G brand faces competition from Britannias Tiger brand of biscuits. The companys flagship brand, Parle G, contributes more than 50 per cent to the companys total turnover. The other biscuits in the Parle Products basket includes Monaco, Krack Jack, Marie, Hide n Seek, Cheeslings, Jeffs, Sixer and Fun Centre. Said Chauhan: The core brands of the company in the biscuit category will include only Parle G, Monaco and Krack Jack. The other brands will not be aggressively supported by us in the market. This is because these three brands contribute substantially to our topline, Chauhan added. The confectionery business, which is the other division of Parle Products, currently contributes only 15 per cent to the companys total turnover. Interestingly, the company started operations with the confectionery business in 1929. Chauhan elucidated: The confectionery business has now taken a backseat and has become a smaller part of our business because in India biscuits have a larger market. The company commands a 40 per cent marketshare in the Rs 35 billion biscuit market in India. In the confectionery segment, the company enjoys a mere 15 per cent marketshare. The companys confectionery portfolio comprises brands like Melody 2 in 1, MangoBite, Poppins, Rol-a-cola, Kismi, Rosemint, Peppermint, Orange candy, Fruit Drops, Pick n Pack and Tangy. Chauhan has picked up three core brands from this category as well, they being Melody 2 in 1, Poppins and MangoBite. Its a brand that has held its price line at Rs 4 for 25 years now the price was last raised in 1994 by 25 paise. So, its not for nothing that Parle-G is the worlds largest-selling biscuit by volumes. Not that the company didnt try to raise prices to offset the overall hike in costs. Three years ago it did so, but quickly rolled it back after volumes fell sharply and consumers wrote to lodge their protest. We want to cater to the masses and have consciously tried not to increase the price. Parle-G is available for Rs 50 a kg. There are very few food items that are available for Rs 50-60 a kg, says Pravin Kulkarni, general manager (marketing), Parle Products. Parle is, of course, not doing it for charity. Soaring input prices meant it opted for reducing the weight of the biscuit than increasing the price first from 100 gm to 92. gm in January 2008, and then to 88 gm in January this year in line with other biscuit-makers and FMCG players. Regular customers would have noticed the number of biscuits in a pack come down from 16 to 15 even as each biscuit became lighter, but they seemed to understand the cost pressures on the firm. The gamble paid off: Parle was able to sustain its volumes. Strict cost control at every point in its supply chain also helped Parle ent ered into forward contracts with suppliers, outsourced production, increased the number of manufacturing locations to 60 and consolidated buying. Raw material costs account for 60 per cent of the total costs in this segment and packaging costs (plastic films) account for 20-25 per cent of this. Nirmalaya Kumar, professor of marketing at London [ Images ] Business School, feels its a very smart strategy. At this price point, price becomes more important than the weight of the biscuit. Its very interesting and similar to the dollar stores in the US, he says. But price is not its only USP. What makes the Parle G brand tick is also that it has been positioned on the health platform (a single pack of biscuit offers 450 calories). Its earlier punchline was Parle-G: swadh bhare, shakti bhare (full of taste and energy). Currently, the brand uses two punchlines. Parle-G: G for Genius and Hindustan ki Taakat (the countrys strength). The brand, says Kulkarni, meets different needs of customers: calories (energy), nutrition and value-for-money enough reasons why Parle-G enjoys close to 70 per cent market share in the glucose biscuit category and probably has the deepest reach. It reaches 2. 5 million outlets, including villages with a population of 500 people, on a par with Unilevers Lifebuoy, ITCs cigarettes or mobile pre-paid cards. Its also one of the few FMCG brands in the country, whose customers straddle across income segments. The brand is estimated to be worth over Rs 2,000 crore (Rs 20 billion), and contributes more than 50 per cent of the companys turnover (Parle Products is an unlisted company and its executives are not comfortable disclosing exact numbers). Last fiscal, Parle had sales of Rs 3,500 crore (Rs 35 billion). Competition has, of course, been trying to wean away customers from Parle. Britannia [ Get Quote ] relaunched its Glucose-D biscuit as Tiger in 1995 and boasts of 17-18 per cent share, while ITCs Sunfeast glucose has captured 8-9 per cent, according to industry sources. Even Levers had forayed into this segment in 2003 and launched a glucose biscuit branded as Modern, after it acquired the bakery business of Modern. There are strong regional brands, including Priya Gold (west), Cremica (north) and Anmol (east). But they still have their work cut out. Nirmalaya Kumar feels the Parle-G story is so fascinating that it deserves to be a case study. What would be interesting to see is whether it will be able to retain its leadership in the coming years as income grows in the hinterlands and consumers upgrade and develop new tastes. The popular Parle-G, glucose biscuits from Parle Products, have witnessed a price hike after a gap of nine years. The company’s marketing manager Pravin Kulkarni said that over these years Parle-G’s price has not increased even as inflation has resulted in a increase in the cost of other products. The price hike, which was decided just before the Budget and was implemented about 10 days ago, has taken up the price of a 100 gm Parle-G pack from Rs four to Rs 4. 0, while that of the 50 gm pack from Rs two to Rs 2. 50. An analyst with a leading brokerage firm in Mumbai said that the move, not exactly related to the Budget, is good for the company and is expected to go down well with the consumers. Arch rival, Britannia Industries, is likely to adopt a wait-and-watch policy for some time, be fore increasing the prices of its glucose biscuit brand, Tiger. Mr Kulkarni said that till now there has been no impact on sales, even as it is too early to observe any further effect. He added that the consumers also understand the need for a price hike after so many years. The company does not have plans at the moment for price increases in any other brands. The organised biscuit market in India is estimated to be over Rs 3000 crore. Britannia, the market leader, is said to have about 45 per cent market share, with Parle close behind at about 30-35 per cent. Another major brand is Priya Gold from Surya Foods, while the smaller brands include Sunfeast from ITC and Champion. The unorganised market comprising very small regional brands and unbranded biscuits and naankhataai, is showing a declining trend over the years, according to analysts.

Anti-Abortion Laws and Maternal Mortality in the US Research Paper

Anti-Abortion Laws and Maternal Mortality in the US - Research Paper Example However the perception of abortion has changed over the centuries. Abortion became one of the most controversial and debatable subjects in the modern society. Donald T. Critchlow (Critchlow 1996, 1) points out that abortion transformed into political issue since â€Å"reproduction rights became public policy.† There are various issues related to abortion: ethical, biological, religious and others. Those issues have transformed over the years and social understanding of them has changed. I believe that the most tragic subject of anti-abortion laws is the issue of maternal-mortality when performing illegal abortions. In this paper I will provide analysis of issues related to maternal mortality prior to the time when abortions were considered legal in the US, precisely the time period between 1800s – 1900s. Anti-abortion legislation in the US caused millions of deaths from illegal abortion and poor medical assistance. Abortion procedure is not something new, it has been known for ages. Women were doing abortions for long time and they will keep doing them even if it is considered illegal. The question is: what price society is ready to pay for this and how many more women have to die. Unfortunately there is no exact statistical data of how many women died during the anti-abortion era. In the beginning of 20th century maternal mortality ratio indicated 600 deaths per 100 000 livebirths in the USA (Ronsmans and Graham September 30, 2006, 4). This number was significantly bigger before the 1900s due to the poor medical conditions and illegal status of abortions. There is no precise data of illegal abortions due to several reasons. First of all, women were ashamed to report on having an abortion. Secondly, they experienced family and social pressure and guilt and preferred to hide the fact of abortion. At the same time wrong and misleading reports from medical institutions blurred the real number of deaths from illegal abortions (Rose 2008, 114). C onnecticut was the first American state that prohibited abortion in 1821. Later on other states followed its example and banned termination of pregnancy as well. The issue of abortion was forbidden to discuss for a very long time in American society. This situation forced women to use some illegal abortion services, thus putting their lives in danger. Women were allowed to have a legal abortion in exceptional cases predetermined by their medical conditions (Frankowski and Cole 1987, 20). In this situation women used severe and dangerous techniques to terminate unwanted pregnancies. They used knitting needles and coating hangers, douched with some poisonous chemicals or took some strong pills in order to perform the procedure themselves. All these methods put women’s lives in danger. Oftentimes they needed immediate professional medical assistance, but it was difficult for them to get it, due to social stigma and prejudices. If the abortion did not work women tried to perfor m the procedure again and again (Boston Women's Health Book Collective. 1998). I believe there were several reasons for abortion to be considered illegal. First of all, in the 1800 this surgical procedure was highly risky and the high mortality rates proved that. However majority of surgical procedures were risky for patients at that time. Secondly, anti-abortion legislation created a control mechanism over women. Later on this control and restrictions had a great impact on the feminist movements (Gordon 1976). Thirdly, male doctors increased their control over the medical field and consolidated their power. Finally, American government tried to scare the white population of the possible â€Å"race suicide.† Therefore white women were highly recommended to give birth (Boston Women's

Management of the Natural Resources by the Government of Botswana Dissertation

Management of the Natural Resources by the Government of Botswana - Dissertation Example This research will begin with the statement that despite initial success, that took place just when the post-colonial era started in African continent during the 1960’s and 1970’s, in the modern context, Africa is on an on economic downslope where poverty and hunger is persistently increasing in many of its States, with a universally accepted pessimism regarding its future economic prospects Various reports show that the general Sub-Saharan countries are turning poorer at a faster rate, than any low-income country worldwide. The average economic growth rate has been persistently in the negative from round 1965, with an average 35-times difference in the US and the African per-capita income level. However, amidst this depressing picture of low economic growth one African country has performed better than any other nation in the world, in the span of the last 35 years, which is Botswana. Botswana â€Å"had a PPP-adjusted income per capita of $5,796 in 1998, almost four t imes the African average, and between 1965 and 1998, it grew at an annual rate of 7.7 percent†. In 2002, we find that Botswana â€Å"exported some US$ 2 billion of diamonds, nickel, copper, gold, and other resources—over 80 percent of its total exports†. The presence of diamonds had significantly backed Botswana’s strong economic growth, until the late 1990s, after which the average growth rate has fallen slightly owing to the recent diversification of the economy, where we find Botswana is now not dependent purely on the revenues that are earned from its natural resources.It is a general belief that economies that are wholly dependent on natural resources, tend to have a slow economic growth, which is often referred to as the â€Å"resource curse.† Botswana, however, did not have a favorable start right after its independence and was considered a poor country with little chances of elevation in their economic conditions. It is here that diamonds ha ve played an important role and currently account for almost 40 % of the country's natural resource output. Even though we find that Botswana had in the past experienced strong growth owing to its rich natural resources, however such growth, as predicted by many economists, is not sustainable on a long-term basis. This is owing to the fact that the mining industry does not offer too many job opportunities. Figures show that in Botswana while the mining sector contributed almost 40 % to the total national GDP, it created only around 4 % employment opportunities. The present economic diversification has already started showing a negative impact on the national economy, and it is as Iimi framed it â€Å"specific and intensified capital investment in the primary sector has restrained Botswana from benefiting from forward and backward linkages and labor market externalities†. Besides this factor, it has been contended by many experts that geographical location where a country is f ar from the sea, makes it difficult to create the strong economy that is based only on the abundant natural resources. Products from the natural resources are generally exported to other countries by the sea route, thus leading to very high shipping charges. A look at the African resource-rich countries will show us many of them are landlocked, including Botswana. Almost all experts universally acknowledge the fact that Botswana achieved this unprecedented economic growth and development by adopting effective management policies, and with a stable basic legal system that functioned reasonably well.â€Å"

Why reality television is so popular Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why reality television is so popular - Essay Example The intrigues and richness in presentations of reality television is facilitated by the existence of subgenres within the programming. Such subgenres include documentaries, game shows, social experiments, hidden cameras, makeover shows among others. Popularity of reality television is known to hit an all-time high following the airing of Big Brother and Survivor shows, which lie within the reality genre. As such, reality television has received global recognition with a massive following upsurge associated with the success of presentations put forth. There are various reasons that explain increased popularity of reality television, which will be highlighted in this paper. The popularity of any reality television show is directly linked to the level audience involvement, and as such the audience should be in a position to relate to the participants. The main catalyst for reality television popularity is money, which is pumped into the industry to produce a rich feature. Reality producers are known to offer large sums of money to participants who essentially may lack career skills, and transform them into productive members of the society (Soong, 2003). This is evidenced in games shows where participants are expected to indulge in define activities and are rewarded according to their proficiency. The promise of money and the associated excitement have heavily contributed to the unrelenting popularity of rewarding reality shows. In addition, instant fame often associated with participation in reality television shows contributes to popularity of the genre. The production of reality features is known to entail placing ordinary people in unique situations and gauging their reactions. This works to the advantage of individuals seeking to prove themselves by enduring set tasks in the show. Moreover, reality shows that offer no monetary rewards such as the MTV’s The Real World, receive thousands of

Orientalism in America and Terrorism Movie Review

Orientalism in America and Terrorism - Movie Review Example The media and other organizations do not, therefore, carry out any investigations, but rather report on the government views of these nations. This, in turn, shapes the views of the people towards the Arab nations as rogue nations who permeate violence in their everyday lives through their hatred of the western nations. On orientalism and empire, Edward Said argues that most of the European states were just aiming to exert influence and political mileage in the Islamic states of the Middle East. He bases this argument on the fact that throughout the period of history and colonization every empire told itself that it was not like the other empires (Orientalism). That its territorial occupation was based on noble ideas of education, enlightenment, and liberation, rather than political control and plunder. However, as time passes the true intention of the occupiers become evident. In this respect, Orientalism is a tool for colonialism and political dominance. On American orientalism, Edward Said gives the distinction between the American Orientalism and other European Orientalism. Unlike the French or the British, America did not have direct colonial experience in the Orient. American Orientalism was thus more indirect and abstract. As a result of this abstraction, American orientalism is very much politicized by the presence of Israel as their main ally. The view of Israel that all Arab states are its enemies is thus imported into the American orientalism, which plays a significant role in portraying all Arab states as enemies (Orientalism). Whereas the terrorism exists in the middle east as a result of the violence and the political problems there, much of the images portrayed by the media only serve as to demonize the Arab nations and do not tell the whole story behind the problems in the Middle East.

Analyze a Piece of Music from a Concert Hall Essay

Analyze a Piece of Music from a Concert Hall - Essay Example Several times through the rendition observed the major key D exudes positivity and the desire to simply lean back and enjoy is overwhelming. There is a full orchestra accompanying the verbal portion of this particular piece which is reminiscent of the full sound that can be seen in Claude Debussy’s La Mer. While relaxing La Mer had more significant changes in its harmonic rhythm than did Ave Verum Corpes. There was no unresolved dissonance within the recitation itself. As I believe Leonard Bernstein is one of the pre-eminent conductors of our time a small amount of bias may in fact exist from my viewpoint. This rendition was completed and recorded in 1990 and is grainy yet beautiful. Ave Verum Corpes was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and reflects his rendition of the Eucharist hymn with the same title; this hymn dates from the 14th century and is frequently used during the Benediction of Blessed Sacrament. This particular hymn is attributed originally to Pope Innocent VI dating approximately 1362. In 1791 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote his rendition for a friend Anton Stoll and it was used to celebrate the feast of Corpus Christi. (Ave Verum Corpus 1) With a small 46 bars of music this particular piece serves to introduce transition and end the piece. ... When he was born in 1756 his given name was, Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart. He personally preferred Wolfgang Amede Mozart to the given name and the name he is known by today. The middle name spelled in that manner reflected his appreciation of French culture and language. Mozart never attended a formal educational facility to advance his abilities. (Mozarts life 1) When I listen to the piece I feel as though the very sky is around me, I feel relaxed, and as if I am floating on the clouds. I am also immediately transported to the past and religious services attended. I see robes, crosses, sunlight and clouds. This is a piece that is easy to enjoy and I am no exception to those who enjoy it. It is short, however, even in its relative shortness it is complete and lends itself to the easy listening sometimes required to relax. I enjoyed this piece simply because it allowed me to feel as though I was in another place if only for a few short minutes. By closing oneâ₠¬â„¢s eyes the full quality and beauty of the piece is made readily apparent. With the vibrant crescendo of sound from the full accompaniment in the background it is easy to find myself slipping from the now into the warmth and comfort provided by my imagination. Additional repetitions listening to the piece from a variety of composers lends credence to the idea that a well written musical number is hard to play or perform poorly. One of the more easily enjoyed renditions was the poorly recorded rendition performed by Diana-Marina Fisher in 2008. This particular rendition brought forth a variety of tonal qualities and did nothing to hinder personal enjoyment, in fact

Orientalism in America and Terrorism Movie Review

Orientalism in America and Terrorism - Movie Review Example The media and other organizations do not, therefore, carry out any investigations, but rather report on the government views of these nations. This, in turn, shapes the views of the people towards the Arab nations as rogue nations who permeate violence in their everyday lives through their hatred of the western nations. On orientalism and empire, Edward Said argues that most of the European states were just aiming to exert influence and political mileage in the Islamic states of the Middle East. He bases this argument on the fact that throughout the period of history and colonization every empire told itself that it was not like the other empires (Orientalism). That its territorial occupation was based on noble ideas of education, enlightenment, and liberation, rather than political control and plunder. However, as time passes the true intention of the occupiers become evident. In this respect, Orientalism is a tool for colonialism and political dominance. On American orientalism, Edward Said gives the distinction between the American Orientalism and other European Orientalism. Unlike the French or the British, America did not have direct colonial experience in the Orient. American Orientalism was thus more indirect and abstract. As a result of this abstraction, American orientalism is very much politicized by the presence of Israel as their main ally. The view of Israel that all Arab states are its enemies is thus imported into the American orientalism, which plays a significant role in portraying all Arab states as enemies (Orientalism). Whereas the terrorism exists in the middle east as a result of the violence and the political problems there, much of the images portrayed by the media only serve as to demonize the Arab nations and do not tell the whole story behind the problems in the Middle East.

Using Sports as a Key Promotional Vehicle. (Adidas) Essay

Using Sports as a Key Promotional Vehicle. (Adidas) - Essay Example Other areas that the marketing plan shall address include choosing a media through which to do the advertisement. Such media could be electronic media, print media or web as an online marketing media. The paper will also discuss developing of an advertisement schedule that will define when and how long the advert is running in case it is a live broadcast. It will also define a clear way through which the plan will be able to measure the effectiveness of the advertisement (Caskey, & Subirana, 2007, p. 670). This paper will also address ways in which to go about the components of strategic marketing plan such as mission, goals, product planning, and marketing information management. It will also analyze and discuss distribution system, pricing, promotion strategies, financing, and issues to do with purchasing. The marketing plan will also address concerns around risk management, actual selling, and internal communication systems for effective management and passing of information. The promotion plan will also discuss other administrative plans such as a timeline for implementing the promotion and appropriate intervals when the promotion will run. In order to achieve all these, the plan will first set mission and vision. Marketing in general presents an opportunity for any business to grow. Additionally, this In fact, how much a business does its marketing plan determines how much the business is going to benefit in terms of sales turnover. The Sports Promotion Plan for Adidas This market ing promotion is all about Adidas and its assorted sports products. Adidas aims at sponsoring Euro 2012 to market itself. To do this, Adidas Company must find out all the stadiums where teams will play. Using Porter’s Generic model, the promotional plan for the sports equipment that Adidas must first consider will be the need to concentrate on cost leadership strategy as put ward by Chowdhury (Chowdhury, 2005, p. 64). Under this model, Adidas will have to set its prices averagely low so that it can earn a share of the market in the short run as it anticipates other competitor such as Fila to respond. The first promotional strategy for Adidas will be to secure the sponsorship in part but as the leading sponsor. This will give Adidas the power to make sure that it has a say on how Euro 2012 is going to engage in advertisement. The most recommendable promotion means in the forthcoming Euro 2012 will be to inside stadium advertisement and television promotion of the event. It wil l be satisfactory if the business also sponsors referee t-shirts and other sports assortment that there may be, then the business can just maintain its positions as other firms experience decrease in sales (Daniel, 2003, p. 233). Mission and Vision Adidas mission for Euro 2012 is to be the leading supplier for all sports assortments to teams and fans. Its vision is to reach most parts of rural and urban Europe to campaign for increased interests in sports. Adidas is aware that such a campaign will translate into increased demand for its products during the Euro 2012. The post-match period could also be profitable from the new market acquired during the Euro 2012 sponsorship. Other goals for the industry could be making sure that at the back of receipts sold, the front design has Adidas name in the

A good citizen Essay Example for Free

A good citizen Essay A good citizen is someone who cares for himself by being good to himself and for the country at the same time by casting vote during the time of election, being honest, law-abiding, paying tax regularly, thinking of common good, thinking of the society by leaving a common place clean and following the rules. Let us discuss the above mentioned points in detail to realise the responsibility of a good citizen. Being good to himself! One can be good to himself by being disciplined. Self-discipline is all about acting according to what your brain tells instead of acting accrding to how your heart feels. Often discipline is equated to loss of freedom, as it often involves sacrificing pleasure, for eg. Violating traffic rules, checking mail when sitting in the class, sleeping for five minutes more than the time set in the alarm, skipping a day’s work out, eating ice-cream when on diet and things similar to these. Self-discipline is so important in life that it makes you feel very confident when you go by the plans fixed by your brain. When petty pleasures such as eating icecream when on diet and checking mails plenty times a day are forgone, body gets tuned to abiding by the plans of brain, in return brain will gain a lot of pleasure as the body is in the right track. One can think of great plans and formulate complex agendas when the body is under the fullest control one’s brain. Casting a vote! Is it so important to cast vote. Voting in an election is just like donating blood to someone who is urgently in need of it. The dawn or demise of a nation purely depends on the attitude of every individual of the nation. Voting is the process of selecting a party of interest which shows suitable policies mandatory for the well being of the nation. Voting odes not just stop with casting a vote, in fact casting a vote is the last step in the process. It is the responsibility of every individual to keep a track on the parties in a country just like the shares bought. Only then it will be easy to understand the plans and real intention of the party despite the fancy policies that they share with the public. Tiny drops of water makes an ocean, so do not forget to vote and as a responsible citizen insist your friends to vote if they refuse to vote. Being honest is bliss; it is not easy to be honest, perhaps not impossible to be honest too. Taming a generation to be honest will help the next generation to be honest naturally. Honesty does not give way to corruption, bribery, injustice and therfore it helps every individual to get the share he deserves. When every individual gets what he actually deserves, the country will be derpived of famine, drought, poverty, terrorism, discrimination and many other evil practices. Law-abiding is just the practice of abiding by the law, just like how we abide by the words of our parents. Law is nothing but a set of rules based on the code of ethics to assure justice for all. A good citizen should respect the law instead of considering it a hindrance on his way. Any individual who goes by his conscience does not have to be bothered about law. Abiding by law reduces the crime rate and raises the standard of the nation in the international picture. Paying tax can be equated to paying the due respect to parents for taking pains to raising us. The tax that we pay is always less for the facilities the government provides us with. Imagine a country where there is no government, the country will be devoid of road, transport, justice, food, water and all basic amenities. Survival becomes a struggle for existence whereas now we are able to think of a business and estimate margin. A regular tax payer is helping the government to take care of the basic facilities and services and as well to take care of the people in the downtrodden who are deprived of these basic amenities. Thinking of common good! Until a particular period of time, there was no concern for the transgenders and they underwent all the ill-treatments on earth. Similary the colors from Africa and other parts of the world were given a bad treatment in U. S. until the Civil Right Act 1964 was enforced. These rectifications in a country did not happen all of a sudden and the radical shift was not an overnight’s change. People who respected the common good for others fought for it and bought it for them. The best example is Nelson Mandela who spent around 36 years of imprisonment fighting for the colors. A good citizen can give his share of contribution by not ill treating anybody, respecting the elders, helping others, doing charity work and so on. These petty works promise a lot of satisfaction. Leaving a place clean; a country is the house of a big clan of people. We bear the utmost responsibility to keep it clean as host of the place. A clean atmosphere always arouses pure thoughts and promises a fresh brain. We have done the maximum damage possible to our mother nature; let us at least try to keep our country clean, so that let our next generation inherit the discipline of taking care of the country after us.

Nelson Mandelas Role In Fighting Apartheid Cultural Studies Essay

Nelson Mandelas Role In Fighting Apartheid Cultural Studies Essay Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 to the Madiba Clan in Mvezo, Transkei (The Life and Times). He was born with the African name of Rolihlahla Mandela, but later received the Christian name of Nelson while attending primary school (The Life and Times). Mandela began a successful career at an early age when earning numerous degrees, becoming an active member of the African National Congress, and forming the ANC Youth League. During Mandelas early life, Apartheid, a movement that discriminated against blacks in South Africa, was strictly enforced. Nelson Mandela is a man remembered for his extreme efforts in fighting Apartheid and the leadership positions he took on in Africa. Nelson Mandela played a significant role in the Anti- Apartheid movement by forming the ANC Youth League, being imprisoned, and becoming President of South Africa. Nelson Mandela began his efforts in the Anti-Apartheid movement by joining the African National Congress in 1944. The African National Congress was formed as a black nationalist political party, but later banned by the South African government for their actions against apartheid. The ANCs main goal is to create a united, non-racial, non-sexist, and democratic society (Unwembi). As an active member of the African National Congress, Nelson Mandela was able to help the efforts made to gain equality for black in South Africa, including traveling to other countries and attending conference meetings. One branch under the ANC is called the African National Congress Youth League. Mandela formed the Youth League in 1944 in hopes of getting the youth of Africa to join the Anti-Apartheid movement (Mandela and South Africa). The ANC Youth League hosted many strikes and protest on the new apartheid laws put in place by the South African government. Nelson Mandela gave extraordinary effort toward the ANC and the Youth League, including his long imprisonment. Mandelas formation of the ANC Youth League created a way for the youth of Africa to not only contribute to the fight for racial equality during Apartheid, but still has impact on society today. The ANC Youth League currently has close to 400,000 members (Unwembi). One of the events that Mandela is most recognized and honored for is his imprisonment for twenty seven years on Robben Island. Mandela left South Africa in 1962 under the ANC to travel to other African countries and help spread the word of their movement and efforts (Vail 45). Mandela had an amazing experience on his trip and was successful in his goals of reaching the attention of other independent African countries. Mandela once said, Wherever I went, I was treated like a human being (Vail 48). When Mandela returned to Johannesburg in 1962, a native gave a tip to the African police, leading them to the capture of Mandela. Mandela was soon brought to trial, and charged with inciting strikes and leaving the country without valid travel documents (Vail 48). Mandela made the decision of conducting his own defense, considering his degree in law and as creator of South Africas first black law firm (Mandela and South Africa). Mandela was found guilty on both charges and was served ten yea rs of hard labor. During Apartheid, the African government banned the ANC from its constant protesting against the government and the new laws. The African police then received an anonymous tip that the African National Congress was located on the Rivonia farm. Several leaders were arrested, including Mandela. The arrested group members of the ANC all attended trial in 1963, and each were found guilty of, attempting violently to overthrow the government (Vail 50). As a result of the trial, Mandela was sentenced to life in prison under maximum security at Robben Island. Mandelas arrest caused panic and loss of hope for current Africans in search of racial equality. It made the cause even more significant and personal for those fighting Apartheid with Mandela. The Robben Island prisoners lived in harsh conditions, which Mandela experienced for twenty seven years of his life. Mandela was placed in a seven foot square where he had a mat and a few other items to survive from. The guards of the prison constantly taunted Mandela and made statements such as, Youre going to die here (Vail 53). Mandela was awakened at five in the morning every day for a cold shower and tasteless food. His family visits were limited, leaving his wife Winnie Mandela in a state of shock and confusion. Mandela never used his position or popularity to gain an advantage in the prison, but was treated fairly with the other prisoners, a great example for Mandelas views on equality. While Mandela was in prison, his whole family was affected and changed. Winnie was later arrested under the new Terrorism Act, which gave police authority to arrest anyone suspected of committing or even inspiring actions that endangered law and order (Vail 55). Winnie was eventually set free and became known as the Mother of the Country. With efforts and uprisings of the African natives, the white government was almost overthrown, giving back rights and equality to the blacks. Some agreed that the only way South Afr ica would positively be affected would be if imprisoned African National Congress leaders were set free from prison. Mandela was set free in 1990 and soon became the most influential South African leader, including the title of President of South Africa. After Mandelas release he continued to fight for the ANC and equality within South Africa. One accomplishment made in 1991 by Mandela was his signing to the National Peace Accord, pledging to put a stop to violence and paving the way for a transition from Apartheid (Mandela and Apartheid). In 1993, Mandela is awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize. Nelson Mandela gained the trust and popularity of South African natives, earning him sixty two percent of the votes for ANC in the 1994 election, leading to his presidency (Mandela and Apartheid). Mandela put an end to the apartheid laws put in place by the previous African government. Mandelas wife Winnie also supported and helped the ANC during the Anti-Apartheid movement. Winnie was arrested several times under the ANC, banned, and frowned upon by the government during the years of Mandelas imprisonment. Mandela included Winnie in his presidency when concerning the people and ANC efforts. Not only did Mandela help fight for equality and dem ocracy to in South Africa by fighting Apartheid, but also as president, he brought attention to AIDS when his eldest son died from the disease. AIDS was not recognized at the time and many refused to believe that one could die from this disease. Now AIDS is most commonly found in South Africa and other surrounding areas and efforts are made to help the people protect themselves from getting AIDS. Mandela had a popular and successful presidency, but 1999 he resigned. After his presidency, Mandela continued to make beneficial contributions to Africa. He formed the Nelson Mandela Childrens Fund, the Nelson Mandela Foundation, and the Mandela-Rhodes Foundation (The Life and Times). Nelson Mandela made many achievements in his lifetime. His leadership in South Africa took on a significant role in helping create equality for South Africans. Mandela is recognized today with websites, memorials, and he even earned his own day known as Mandela Day. Mandela is currently ninety four, and still asks the generations ahead to fight for social justice (The Life and Times). Mandela is an epitome of a hero for South Africans and played a major role in creating democracy and equal rights for blacks. Mandela is honored for his fight against apartheid, including forming the ANC Youth League, being imprisoned for twenty seven years, and becoming president of South Africa.

Vietnams economy :: essays research papers

The conquest of Vietnam by France began in 1858 and was completed by 1884. It became part of French Indochina in 1887. Independence was declared after World War II, but the French continued to rule until 1954 when they were defeated by Communist forces under Ho Chi MINH, who took control of the North. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South. Despite the return of peace, for over two decades the country experienced little economic growth because of conservative leadership policies. Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have committed to economic liberalization and enacted structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. The country continues to experience protests from the Montagnard ethnic minority population of the Central Highlands over loss of land to Vietnamese settlers and religious persecution. Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war, the loss of financial support from the old Soviet Bloc, and the rigidities of a centrally planned economy. Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1997 in moving forward from an extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty. Growth averaged around 9% per year from 1993 to 1997. The 1997 Asian financial crisis highlighted the problems in the Vietnamese economy and temporarily allowed opponents of reform to slow progress towards a market oriented economy. GDP growth of 8.5% in 1997 fell to 6% in 1998 and 5% in 1999. Growth then rose to 7% in 2000-04 even against the background of global recession. Since 2001, however, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization and international integration. They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more comp etitive, export-driven industries. However, equitization of state-owned enterprises and reduction in the proportion of non-performing loans has fallen behind schedule. Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry into force of the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade in December 2001 have led to even more rapid changes in Vietnam's trade and economic regime.

Our Duties to Animals and the Poor Essay -- Argumentative, McGinn

In this essay, I will discuss if our actions towards animals are immoral. McGinn discusses his reasons shortly, assuming that he is correct. He claims that, â€Å"we have a moral duty to relieve the suffering, and cease the killing, of the animals with which we have dealings† (McGinn 150). This is the structure of his argument: (1) It is morally wrong to cause the suffering and death of animals unnecessarily (2) We do cause the suffering of and death of animals unnecessarily. Therefore: (3) What we do to animals is morally wrong. As my thesis, I will reject his claim, and his arguments that support such claim; I shall call his allegation â€Å"Claim X†. Though objecting to this claim seems intuitively horrendous, I belief that his argument does not demonstrate the correct grounds for readers to be able to empathize with his views. In this paper, I will critically object to McGinn’s fundamental argument, by illustrating the flaws of his supporting claims. After his supporting claims are seen as fallacious, I shall demystify such key argument. Finally, to finish on a good note, I will propose an alternative view on the matter. To start, I want to first define the terms, as he has on his article. By the term â€Å"suffering†, McGinn defines them as the following: â€Å"Eating meat, hunting, vivisection, and fur coats, and the like† (McGinns 151). For â€Å"the like†, I propose he meant, other activities such as owning animals, using them for entertainment, or work. To support his argument, he poses the following three points. First, he asserts that our uses of animals do not justify our means. Second, he believes that it is our moral duty to not cause any unnecessary suffering on animals. Third and last, he claims that it is erroneous to think of a... ... destroy the environment by destroying the animals. If it is our moral duty to preserve the environment, then it is our moral duty to preserve the species that come with it. Therefore, it is morally incorrect to allow those species to be used as production material. Wrapping up, McGinn’s â€Å"Claim X† fails, it is not our duty to relieve the suffering and stop the killing of animals, which we have dealings with. â€Å"Claim X† fails because, McGinn’s supporting points do not have enough strength to support the three-premise argument. Since the argument for â€Å"Claim X† is not sustained, we are susceptible to believe that our duty towards animals end when we restrain from abusive, violent, or destructive behavior; but not when animals provide us with benefits that are intrinsic to them. In conclusion, our current interactions with animals do not portray an immoral behavior.

As a young child in school I can rememb Essay

As a young child in school I can remember saying to myself, â€Å"If I were a teacher I would never do that to my students! † At a very young age, as young as the first grade, my personal philosophy of Early Childhood Education was already in progress and surfacing. My personal philosophy is: to instill good morals and values in all children; respect all children and their families’ cultures, ethnicities, race, beliefs, and structure; treat each child fairly to ensure that all children feel equally special; have families, communities, and educators work as one; remain a  lifelong advocator of children; Exhaust all resources before deciding to hold a child back a grade; and to maintain a constant fun, loving, safe, and positive environment for each child. It is a philosophy such as the one I have set forth that will encourage all families to feel welcomed, all children to feel loved, and everyone to want to work together as one in order to aid in a child’s optimal development. It all began in preschool and kindergarten while attending a Montessori School in my town. My preschool and kindergarten experience has had a great impact on my ideas towards education. I felt safe, secure, and special in school. I remember specific activities that at my new school, when I transitioned in the 1st grade, were not available to me, such as learning and practicing everyday activities like cleaning silverware, folding our blankets from rest time, preparing and cutting fruit to eat, and keeping a clean and orderly classroom. Moreover, the root of my morals and values developed from this period in my life. I remember in school being taught the fundamental values of sharing, caring, listening, trusting, and being honest. I learned that lying,stealing , cheating, hitting, and disrespecting elders or each other were bad. Influential movies and cartoons such as the Care Bears, Hug-a-bunch, Free to Be You and Me taught me about love, hugging, sharing, caring, helping others and equality. My childhood from preschool to third grade was a critical time for me to grow and learn, and much of what I experienced in the classroom and at home influenced how I would develop later and then as the person I am today. As a Substitute Teacher with no background classroom experience or educational degree,  I brought with me the strong moral and ethical values I possess as a person, my patience, love and care for children, my passion for academics, and my past and personal experiences as a student in a classroom. One of the major intellectual influences was my experience in a Montessori School and then reading about the Montessori Method in my present graduate class. I never realized that Maria Montessori was the first woman to become a doctor in Italy, nor did I realize the specifics of the Montessori Method until I correlated my experiences with what was actually written and described about in the book. For instance, â€Å"She created objects for children to allow them to experience physical activities such as stacking, opening, closing, dusting, and connecting. [Maria Montessori] saw this goal-oriented activity as children’s ‘work’ and contrasted it with play, which she saw as unfocused and frivolous (pg. 16). † My personal philosophy coincides with her beliefs because it is through this child’s sense of ‘work’ that morals and good values are developed. A child saying, â€Å"You’ve got dirty hands, you ought to wash them (pg. 17)† is an example of a child who will continue to master society’s demands and  expectations on how to behave throughout life. Another person who has played an influential role in my life, and has acted as a mentor, is my second grade teacher. It’s amazing that out of all my teachers from preschool through graduate school, my second grade teacher left the greatest impression on me. She possessed great patience and clarity when explaining new material to the class. She made me feel comfortable to ask questions or speak up in class, and I specifically remember her creative ways of teaching, such as the knock-knock game for subtraction, which made learning in her classroom so easy and  fun. When I run into her she still shows concern for me and is eagerly open and willing to help as I become a teacher. She is definitely one of the reasons why I decided to become an early childhood teacher, and she is a person who has had a major impact on my beliefs towards academia. On the other hand, other teachers who have helped shape my beliefs have done so by providing me with negative experiences in the classroom. For instance, some teachers would punish the whole class because certain students were bad. I thought this method of correcting bad behavior was entirely unfair. Even though today I realize the technique behind the action, at the time I remember experiencing feelings of helplessness, and today I never want another child to experience that feeling again. Another unfair characteristic displayed by some teachers was favoritism. By showing favoritism, it didn’t make me, nor many of my classmates, feel special or secure in class. Lastly, my brother, who is one year younger than me, and I were very close growing up as children. However, in the first grade his teacher held him and 6 other students back a grade on account of being too immature. My family was furious and no matter how many times my parents spoke with the teacher and administrators, the decision remained the same. As a result, my brother and I at one point attended two different schools, we weren’t as close anymore, his self-esteem dropped immensely, he lost friends, and had to spend the rest of his life explaining and defending himself to those who questioned his age in comparison to his grade. My experience with having a family member subjected to being held back is why I believe that all resources must be exhausted before deciding to hold back a child. The decision should be a composite of the family, administrators, and other professionals’ opinions and thoughts. Most importantly, recognizing and knowing the child at hand, and how this decision will impact his or her life. My beliefs have been carried out as a Substitute Teacher in the classroom. For instance, my belief in fairness for all children was illustrated when I thanked the good children of the class at the end of the day for being on their best behavior. Interestingly, the students thanked me in return for recognizing them because they said that teachers rarely acknowledge their good behavior because they are too distracted by the students who misbehave. As a teacher I would use this same philosophy when treating my students. A good level of control and strictness would be provided, along with a great deal of love, patience, care, and attention for each child. A safe and secure feeling will permeate throughout the classroom in order to ensure an optimal learning environment for all children. My classroom for a second grade class would be setup and decorated as follows: two alphabets, regular and cursive would hang above the blackboards;  my posters would contain knowledge about good manners, famous men and women in history, and lots of multi-cultural pictures so everyone feels welcomed; seasons and thematic units will provide further layout for decorating ideas; the library area would have a big comfy chair for me to read and then small comfortable chairs and a rug for the children to read and sit on during quiet or free time; There will be math, language, and art games for them to play, and additional creative and unique learning strategies and games. I would have a very trusting and open-minded relationship with parents, colleagues, and  administrators. I would also keep an open mind when dealing with exceptional circumstances, such as a child with a special need, or a child that misbehaves frequently. Each family unit varies, so I must be sensitive to an array of circumstances, such as the various formations of a family and structure, a parent’s style and beliefs of parenting, a child and families’ living situation, and a family’s ethnicity and culture. Administrators’ and colleagues’ personal philosophies will be respected. However, the only way the child will develop positively  according to the school’s philosophy is if the administrators and teachers believe and exemplify this philosophy also. So when views may seem opposite, it’s accepting the differences, respecting each other’s differences, and working through the differences that will make any school a positive and safe place for the children to learn. Also when approaching exceptional circumstances, a teacher needs to again keep an open mind, take an objective stance, and be flexible in his or her views, expectations, strategies, and procedures in resolving an issue. As a teacher develops his or her beliefs about early childhood education it is important to reflect upon the period of time when one was a student. Keeping an open mind to the way society and education as evolved overtime is a key factor that will help teachers better understand families, children, faculty, and their role as a teacher today. The child should be the main concern of the school, family, and community at all times. We are the educators, motivators, inspirers, and disciplinary for children. What we believe as educators will be reflected in the growth of each child. By joining teachers, families, communities, and administrators together as one, we are building a positive foundation for the children who are will be the products of our future. re traditional Hindu residential schools of learning; typically the teacher’s house or a monastery. During the Mughal rule, Madrasahs were introduced in India to educate the children of Muslim parents. British records show that indigenous education was widespread in the 18th century, with a school for every temple, mosque or village in most regions of the country. The subjects taught†¦

Cola Wars Study

Cola Wars: PepsiCo Dr. Michelle Biavatti 13 de octubre de 2009 Omar Sandoval Pina 119084 Mikel Novella Salazar 116656 Marisol Perez Chow 118631 Jorge Villanueva Almanza 121027 Gerardo Rafael Nomara Parra 119176 Indice Resumen Ejecutivo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 *Identificacion de la industria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦*†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Analisis Externo General†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Modelo de las Cinco Fuerzas de Porter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Ciclo de v ida de la industria y rentabilidad†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Amenazas y Oportunidades†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Recursos y capacidades †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 Analisis VRIO†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 Analisis FODA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Modelo Hambrick & Fredrickson †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Conclusiones y propuesta de estrategia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 Pros y contras de la estrategia propuesta†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 Resumen Ejecutivo. Dentro de este trabajo, analizaremos la situacion actual de la industria de las bebidas carbonatadas. Esta industria se ha visto amenazada principalemente por un aumento en la demanda de bebidas no carbonatadas, aunque tambien la rivalidad dentro de la industria es una amenaza importante que tomaremos en consideracion para la aplicacion de nuestra estrategia. Comenzaremos tomando en cuenta la industria en el que se lleva a cabo la competencia entre firmas establecidas, los recursos de Pepsi para afrontar las amenazas y aprovechar las oportunidades que se presentan en dicha industria. Con esta informacion analizaremos las fuerzas, las oportunidades, amenazas y debilidades a las que se enfrenta Pepsi y propondremos una estrategia para neutralizar y convertir en fortalezas las debilidades y las amenazas. Las estrategias aqui propuestas estan basadas en el modelo propuesto por Hambrick y Fredrickson, orientadas a las arenas en las que se desempena la empresa, los pasos a seguir para la aplicacion de estas, los diferenciadores que ayudaran a la empresa a alcanzar la ventaja competitiva, y los vehiculos para alcanzarla. Tambien tomaremos en consideracion la logica economica detras de las estrategias planteadas para lograr obtener altos dividendos. Despues de realizar un estudio del entorno de la industria, detectamos los canales de distribucion como una fortaleza que Pepsi posee y que puede aprovechar para neutralizar la amenaza de productos sustitutos por medio del posicionamiento de las bebidas no carbonatadas de la marca. Al utilizar esta estrategia, Pepsi conservara su participacion en el mercado, conservando a Pepsi-Cola como producto estandarte de la marca. Aplicar esta estrategia le costara a Pepsi poco dinero y una cantidad considerable de tiempo y esfurezo. Tambien Pepsi puede diversificar su publicidad de acuerdo a las areas geograficas a las que se quiere enfocar y el tipo de bebidas (carbonatadas o no carbonatadas) que se prefieren en dichas areas. Industria- Pepsi se encuentra en la industria de las bebidas carbonatadas y a lo largo del tiempo ha ido penetrando el mercado de las no carbonatadas y frituras. Evaluating Firms External Environment 1. – Specific international events. Pepsi logro entrar al mercado europeo despues de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ya que la Union Sovietica y los arabes excluyeron a Coca Cola 2. – Demographic trends: En 1963, Pepsi lanzo la compana Pepsi Generation, que se enfoca a la gente joven y joven de espiritu, utilizando imagenes como autos deportivos, motocicletas, helicopteros, un slogan penetrante asi imagenes de celebridades como Britney Spears. El aumento de la poblacion en paises como China conlleva un aumento en el rendimiento de Pepsi. 3. – Legal and Political Conditions: En las operaciones internacionales, Pepsi sufrio diversos obstaculos debido a la inestabilidad y regulaciones politicas, controles de precios, restricciones publicitarias, control de importacion de productos. Para enfrentar estas adversidades, en India, por ejemplo, Pepsi concedio derechos de exclusividad en la distribucion de sus productos al hombre mas rico en dicho pais. En 1941 la corte declino a favor de Pepsi despues de la demanda que Coca Cola impuso en relacion a una infraccionsobre la marca registrada de Coca. En 1971 la Comision Federal de Comercio inicio acciones en contra de 8 corporaciones acusandolos de tener territorios exclusivos otorgados a empresas embotelladoras, lo cual obstaculizo la competencia entre firmas. 4. – Technological Change: Los cambios en la tecnologia dieron a Pepsi la posibilidad de producir por medio de la osmosis inversa, en lugar de extraccion de agua de manantial. La inversion por parte de Coca y Pepsi en fuentes de sodas para una mayor distribucion conllevo una publicidad pagada, mayor presencia de marca y mayores rendimientos. El cambio de Coca, imitado por Pepsi tres anos despues, de utilizar jarabe como insumo en lugar de azucar, conllevo una reduccion de los costos para la produccion de bebidas de Cola. 5. – Cultural Trends: Americanos tomaban mas soda que cualquier otra bebida. Consumidores empezaron a cambiar sus gustos, de sodas normales a sodas dieteticas, tes y otras a base de no carbonatos, lo que produjo que Pepsi expandiera su gama de productos. 6. – Economic Climate: La Gran Depresion del 29 llevo a Pepsi a la bancarrota. Con esto, Pepsi redujo el precio de la presentacion de 12 onzas a 5 centavos, siendo este el mismo precio que Coca cobraba por su presentacion de 6. 5 onzas. Esto permitio a Pepsi su recuperacion. Analisis de las cinco fuerzas de Porter Rivalidad en la industra, firmas establecidas {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} El nivel de rivalidad entre las firmas establecidas es alto. Poder de negociacion de los compradores. text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} El poder de negociacion de compradores es bajo Poder de negociacion de los proveedores. {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} El poder de negociacion de los proveedores es bajo. Amenaza de Futuros Competidores. {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} La amenaza de futuros competidores en baja. Amenaza de sustitutos. text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} La amenaza de sustitutos es alta Complementos El caso no provee informacion acerca de productos complementarios. Ciclo de vidad de la industria y rentabilidad La industria se encuentra en una etapa de madurez y es poco rentable para los futuros competidores. Para las marcas ya establecidas es rentable porque las barreras de entrada son altas, la amenaza de sustitutos es alta, el poder de negociacion de los proveedores es bajo y el poder de negociacion de los clientes tambien es bajo, a pesar de que la amenaza de sustitutos es alta. Amenazas, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas Oportunidades O1. En su momento, la disminucion de la demanda de Coca Cola al cambiar la formula. (no fue aprovechada en su momento) O2. El escandalo de Coca Cola debido a que muchas personas se enfermaron por las bebidas y por discrimacion racial. (no aprovecharon este escandalo) O3. Existian mercados emergentes O4 Warehouse delivery system de marcas libres representaba mas costos para clientes O5 Venta a restaurantes por medio de fuente de sodas era extremadamente rentable O6 Explotar el mercado familiar O7 Explotar el mercado juvenil O9 Producir sus propias latas reduciria sus costos Amenazas A1. Coca Cola fue pionero en los enfriadores, dispensadores de maquinas de refrescos y maquinitas de refrescos. A2. La creciente popularidad de productos sustitutos como te, cafe, leche, jugos, y otras bebidas no carbonatadas (cambio de preferencias) A3. El exito e introduccion de Diet Coke A4. Coca Cola regresa a su formula original con el nombre de Coke Classic (no hizo nada al respecto) A5. Coca Cola dominaba sobre Europa occidental, America Latina A6. Coca Cola era el mas grande productor de bebidas carbonatadas a nivel internacional. A7. El crecimiento en Estados Unidos de las ventas de Cola parecen haberse estancado. A8 Demanda de productos que no eran cola A9 master bottler contract de coca cola le permite establecer precios y condiciones de venta A10 Amenaza por parte de la comision federal de comercio por practicas anti competitivas en 1971 A11 Gran Depresion A12 Obstaculos en las operaciones internacionales A13 Coca utilizo jarabe en lugar de azucar A14 Coca invirtio 100 mdd mas en publicidad A15 Coca introdujo 11 nuevos productos 1980 A16 La publicidad de coca cola orientada a un estilo de vida en los consumidores A17 Coca Cola establece el franchising system A18 Canales de distribucion ineficientes Fortalezas F1. â€Å"Direct Store Door† delivery F2. el master bottling agreement le concedio a pepsi el poder de determiner los precios terminos y condiciones de la compra de materia prima. F3. El congreso concedio derechos de exclusividad territorial por medio del â€Å"Soft Drink Interbrand Competition Act† en 1980 F4. Pepsi adquiere Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, y Kentucky Fried Chicken y despues de venderlos conserva los derechos de distribucion y ademas conserva frito lay. F5. Baja de Precios debido a la gran depresion F6. Diversidad en sabores de pepsi a partir de los 60 F7. Introduccion de la Botella Tamano familiar de 26 onzas F8. pepsi generation F9. Pepsi invierte en Campanas publicitarias ( como pepsi challenge, pepsi generation y celebridades ) F10. Tres anos despues, pepsi utiliza tambien jarabe. F11. Pepsi introdujo 13 nuevos productos F12Produccion de bebidas no carbonatadas F13 Pepsi Bottling System F14 Utilizo estrategias de mercado para aprovechar los mercados emergentes F15 Pepsi esta en la industria de las sodas desde 1893. F16 Pepsi imito la tecnologia de enfriadores y dispensadores de sodas F17 Sistemas novedosos para distribucion en nuevos mercados ( India ) Debilidades D1. Mientras coca cola tenia el 65% de las ganancias en las ventas de fuentes de sodas, pepsi unicamente tenia el 21%. D2. Al integrarse hacia atras aumentan los costos de produccion D3 Introdujo la pepsi de dieta en 1964 pero no alcanzo el nivel de popularidad D4 Ineficiencia en la explotacion de clientes insatisfechos de Coca Cola Recuros de la empresa y modelo VRIO Analisis FODA Modelo de Hambrick & Fredrickson {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Vehicles {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Differentiators {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Staging {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Economic Logic 10. {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Conclusiones y estrategia planteada Pros de la estrategia planteada {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Contras de la estrategia planteada {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item}

Goal Setting Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Unit 7 mini Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 7 mini - Coursework Example It is important to note how long the carnival will last for a budget to be set. In this case it commences from the 11th to the 20th of September, 1998. A budget committee should be set for the selection process of any proposal. This helps in determining the amount of funds that will be allocated the carnival. Their work is to come up with a budget for every single detail that will be available. The budget proceedings also includes a charge incurred during the week of the carnival. In this case, the risk to be experienced will be overcharging the citizens since the people of Spokane County will take part in the selection of qualified firms for setting this event. The firm that submits an affordable and a well evaluated budget will stand a chance to secure the available carnival contract. Quality of products is a crucial aspect of getting into a contract with Spokane County. Nobody will want poor quality products of their carnival, it poses a risk not only to the firm but also to all the people attending the carnival. An opportunity in the contract exists where quality services are offered and well trained workers are employed based on the level knowledge and skills (Jaafari, 2001). Services offered have to meet the eye of the consumer. The major risks likely to be encountered with this field will be failure to satisfy consumers’ needs. This may lead to a termination of the contract mainly because it is a long term contract for up to 5years. The Spokane County Carnival is expected to have technical equipment such as carnival rides that are meant to satisfy the residents. The firm that provides these services and state of art equipment at reasonable fees lands the contract. According to Jaafari 2001, innovativeness is also crucial, people are accustomed to change, and hence the firm that comes up with new ideas, new carnival games, and shows have a

Company analysis on Dollar General Stores expanding into Britian Research Paper

Company analysis on Dollar General Stores expanding into Britian - Research Paper Example The first Dollar General store opened in 1955 at Scottsville in Kentucky was based on the central concept that all items in the store would cost less than one dollar (â€Å"The founding family†). Within two years of it business commencement, the organization earned an annual sales of $5 million from its 29 stores. Four years after the death of the co-founder J.L. Turner, the company went public as Dollar General Corporation with more than $40 million annual sales and net income in excess of $1.5 million. In 1983, the company acquired the 280 stores of the P.N. Hirsh Division of Interco, Inc and subsequently in 1985, the company added 206 stores and warehouse of Eagle Family Discount Stores by another acquisition process. The recent practices show that the company is constructing more stand-alone stores in remote areas where another general merchandise services are not reached. The most attractive feature of the Dollar General is that it offers both name brand and generic merchandise within the same store or even sometimes on the same shelf. The company mainly competes with national chains Family Dollar and Dollar Tree in the dollar store format whereas its regional competitors include number of independently owned stores. By the beginning of 21st century, the company launched â€Å"Dollar General Market† which is a store that carries a wider selection of grocery items. The developing home cooking trends helped the company in selling its grocery items. The Dollar General stores has grown notably within the short time period of 55 years. One of the major strengths of the company is that it has different potential customer groups that assist the organization to experiment with new business concep ts. Newly emerging market segments also effectively contribute to company’s global competence. Similarly, the Dollar General maintains an efficient liquidity position which aids the organization to effectively and timely respond to unexpected contingencies. In addition, the firm performs well in all areas wherever it has business interests. Dollar General performs outstandingly in the ‘backyard’ of large SuperCenters and hence time and saturation pressures are reduced to a large extent. Business efficiency and operational regulations are found to be some of the competitive advantages of the Dollar General as these features significantly add to the organization’s market attractiveness. The company employs most recent developments of e-commerce in order to provide improved services to its customers. Recently, the Dollar General stores announced that it has selected Aldata Solution, a global leader in retail and distribution improvement software to meet the n eeds of the company’s next generation integrated supply chain solution (â€Å"Dollar general selects Aldata â€Å"). In addition, the firm makes use of satellite facilities to transmit selling information to the headquarters each evening. The e-trade techniques and the resulted global interconnectedness would greatly aid the organization